Connect with us

Latest

Alternate Realities in Trauma

Published

on

‘Trauma’ is a term that has long been used in medicine and surgery. It comes from the Greek, meaning wound. It generally implies injury where the skin is broken as a consequence of external violence and the effects of such an injury upon the organism as a whole; the implication of the surface broken is not always present. However, we may speak, for example, of closed head and brain traumas.

Trauma alludes to the undesirable sentiment of disappointment from the conviction that you could or ought to have accomplished something other than what’s expected when a horrendous accident occurred. Feeling traumatic after the experience of an awful mishap is not just another joke, as it has connected to various adverse outcomes. For instance, Trauma is related to despondency, disgrace, social uneasiness, low confidence, and contemplations of suicide. Trauma relies upon the kind of awful incidents like physical maltreatment, sexual maltreatment, and the passing of a friend or family member related to Trauma’s experience.

All in all, Trauma can be characterized as a mental, enthusiastic reaction to an occasion or an encounter that is profoundly troubling or upsetting. Everybody, let’s say, experienced an awful/terrible mishap distinctively because we as a whole face them through the viewpoint of related involvements in our lives. Any big Trauma results from an isolated occurrence. Interminable Trauma rehashed and delayed, for example, abusive behavior at home or misuse. Complex Trauma is an introduction to changed and numerous awful accidents, frequently of an obtrusive, relational nature. Trauma is a passionate reaction to a horrible occasion like a mishap, assault, or cataclysmic event. Longer-term responses incorporate flighty feelings, flashbacks, stressed connections, and even physical side effects like cerebral pains or queasiness. Austrian Neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud called traumatic neurosis when the mind built alternate realities. In adopting the term trauma, psychoanalysis carries the three ideas implicit in it over to the psychical level: the sense of a violent shock, the concept of a wound, and the design of consequences are affecting the whole. According to Literary author Cathy Carruth in Explorations in memory’ she says, For the overcomer of Trauma, the reality of the occasion may dwell not just in its merciless realities, yet additionally in the way that their event opposes straightforward cognizance.

The flashback or horrible re-enactment passes on, that is, initial of an occasion, and reality of its unfathomability. From one viewpoint, as Van der Kolk and van der Hart propose, the amnesiac re-enactment is a story that is hard to advise and to hear: “it not routed to anyone, the patient does not react to anyone: it is a singular action.” The Trauma subsequently requires integration both for declaration and for a fix. In any case, on the other hand, the trans oration of the Trauma into an account memory that enables the story to be verbalized and communicated, to be incorporated into rase’s own, and others’, information on the past, may lose both the precision and the power that describes vile recalling’s.

The trauma hypothesis is a territory of social examination developed in the mid-1990s due to the purported moral turn influencing the humanities. It vowed to inject the investigation of scholarly and social writings with new significance. Amid allegations that abstract grant, especially in its deconstructive, poststructuralist, or textualist preteens had gotten aloof or unmindful of “what goes on in the genuine world” (the world outside the content: history, governmental issues, morals). There is a relationship between violence experienced by individuals and cultural groups, or the relationships between victim, perpetrator, and witness.

Trauma is not locatable in the simple violent or original event in an individual’s past, but instead in how it’s very unassimilated nature the way it is precisely not known in the first instance returns to haunt the survivor later.
Cathy Carruth In Unclaimed Experience: Trauma, Narrative, and History (1996), contends that a textualist approach one which demands that all reference is backhanded need not away from history and into “political and moral loss of motion”. A remarkable opposite, she asserts, it can bear the cost of us one of a kind access to history. It means through the thought of trauma, we can get that a re-evaluation of reference is pointed not at disposing of history however at resituating it in our understanding, that is, at definitely allowing history to emerge where quick comprehension may not.

The concept of psychological Trauma is a Western artifact determined by its origins in a variety of late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century medical and psychological discourses are dealing with Euro-American experiences of industrialization, gender relations, and modern warfare. Sigmund Freud stresses dreams activated by traumas as opposed to the Trauma itself.

He primarily considers Trauma to be a supporting element to mental issues. Furthermore, and all the more critically, Sigmund Freud later thinks about Trauma with its connection to the mien of the subject. What led him to change his hypothetical methodology is that he revalued Trauma as a type of despondency; while breaking down another awful accident, “the trauma of the war” during the First World War. Freud starts to consider “horrendous mental issues” in “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” (1920). To begin with, he contends that trauma is associated with “redundancy impulse.” He watches the impulse to rehash in the casualties of damage in two structures. Firstly, he educated about the rehashed dreams about horrendous accidents.

Warriors continually dream about the war front, injuring, and slaughtering. It is something requiring clarification for Freud since this is a counter model for Freud’s hypothesis of dreams1900; “dreams are wish-achievements.” Secondly, many exploited people unwittingly will, in general, reproduce conditions, scenes of their traumas.
Particularly in dreams, there is a desire to come back to Trauma; not because they give delight, yet Trauma is an occasion that jumps out at which subject(person) can’t react. Due to its force, you can’t respond to it. That is hard to live with since it implies that something transpired yet, also hasn’t occurred because you can’t generally consider
it you encountered it. It is an encounter that nobody can guarantee as to their own. It is an occasion that can’t be “incorporated into self.” In this way, from one viewpoint, you are loaded up with repulsiveness, and you do quell a few parts of it. However, you likewise need to return to react, improve, overwhelm, and ace the experience. By rehashing it, you expect to rule it, to get it, to see it. The occasion has commanded you previously; yours is an
endeavor to ace an event that has overwhelmed you. This experience is an unsettling influence in one’s life, not considering the delight rule’s interference, yet it decimates the conditions that work for the joy guideline. Inevitably, it shakes the completeness of the subject(person).

The question arises, what if the therapist might meet himself during the treatment of hypnosis? Like in the Netflix show “Freud” (based on Sigmund Freud’s work of hysteria (1900). A French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan coined the term Mirror Stage, “I think where I am not. Therefore, I am where I don’t think”. Also, the traumatic first impression he desires to taste it again and again, which Sigmund Freud defines as repetitive compulsion in “Beyond the Pleasure Principle,” is exorbitant supposition beyond scientific evidence for most of us.

Psychically, we are all wounded, traumatized, however shocking or slighting the original Trauma or any subsequent traumatic instances may be. In 1996 Cathy Carruth shows, “Unclaimed Experience” provokes us into stories intended to fill the hole, to plug it. However, no matter how many we invent or assimilate to do the job, the work reminds ultimately undone, the hole ever opens like the image of a grave yawning beside us throughout life. The power of the unconscious mind, what we desire in the depths of one inner being, we will become, for better or worse. Alternatively, one can maintain that what a person has become was their deepest desire. Once a door opened, can it ever really be closed?
Our mind makes false realities to shied itself from Trauma for the things we fear and the horrors we can’t imagine. So how we heal from Trauma is the primary issue we are in tangling with and surviving a Traumatic Experience. If you’ve ever been through a highly stressful event or series of events, a traumatic experience, don’t isolate yourself, seek professional help, join a support group, face it (Don’t Avoid It). Exercise daily, stay away from alcohol, open more trauma help centers, and provide psychological bits of help and activities.

Business

Pakistan Banks Association elects Zafar Masud as chairman, forms 16-member executive committee

Published

on

KARACHI – On December 28, 2025, the Pakistan Banks Association (PBA) formed a new 16-member Executive Committee, which includes two women and eight new member banks, reflecting a move towards increased inclusivity and wider industry representation.

Following the elections, the Executive Committee unanimously elected Mr. Zafar Masud, President and Chief Executive Officer of The Bank of Punjab, as Chairman of the PBA. Commenting on his election, Mr. Masud said the newly constituted Executive Committee represents an important evolution in the Association’s governance.

He noted that the expanded and more diverse membership strengthens the PBA’s ability to advance a National Economic Agenda, with a focus on bridging credit gaps in priority sectors, accelerating financial inclusion through digital channels, and supporting Pakistan’s sustainable economic recovery.

The leadership team also includes Mr. Nassir Salim, President and Chief Executive Officer of Habib Bank Limited, as Senior Vice Chairman, and Mr. Yousaf Hussain, President and Chief Executive Officer of Faysal Bank Limited, as Vice Chairman.

Mr. Nassir Salim emphasized the importance of resilience and strong compliance frameworks amid global headwinds, while Mr. Yousaf Hussain highlighted modernization, technology adoption, and agility as key priorities to ensure the banking sector remains innovative and regionally competitive.

Commenting on the milestone, Mr. Muneer Kamal, Chief Executive Officer and Secretary General of the PBA, said that the expansion of the Executive Committee, including the historic inclusion of female representation, reflects the Association’s commitment to diversity and modern governance.

Under the new leadership, the PBA aims to deepen collaboration with the State Bank of Pakistan, the Ministry of Finance, and the Federal Government to support infrastructure development, expand private sector credit for agriculture and SMEs, and advance the country’s digital transformation.

Continue Reading

Business

Saudi carrier flyadeal opens new office in Islamabad

Published

on

ISLAMABAD – flyadeal, Saudi Arabia’s rapidly expanding low-cost airline, has opened a new dedicated sales and marketing office in Islamabad, highlighting its swift growth in Pakistan. During a brief visit to Pakistan’s capital, flyadeal CEO Steven Greenway reaffirmed the airline’s dedication to becoming a key player in the country’s vibrant air travel industry.

flyadeal launched non-stop scheduled flights from Saudi Arabia to Pakistan in February, connecting  Riyadh and Jeddah to the country’s commercial hub of Karachi, which signalled the airline’s first move into South Asia.

Since then, flyadeal has significantly scaled up frequency, now operating 18 non-stop services each week between the two countries serving a total of five gateway cities in Pakistan – Karachi, Peshawar, Sialkot, Lahore and Islamabad.

“Our Pakistan flights have proved a great success since our entry, bringing affordable low fares and reliable punctual services to this exciting market,” said Greenway.

“Having expanded from one to five cities across the country in the space of just eight months, thanks to regulatory and travel industry support, it’s only a matter of time before we grow further with much-needed additional capacity and provide the travelling public with wider reach and greater choice of non-stop flights bridging both countries.”

flyadeal has partnered with leading general sales agent Matchless Travel to serve the travel trade and members of the public across Pakistan through its nationwide network of offices.

Farooq Ahmad, flyadeal Head of Sales, added: “flyadeal has developed a great relationship with Pakistan’s travel agency community, quickly building confidence within the trade of our value-added product offering. Our dedicated sales office in Islamabad complements the efforts of Matchless by providing increased brand presence and awareness.”

Following the sales office opening, flyadeal’s senior management team from the head office in Jeddah and Karachi hosted Islamabad’s travel trade to a thank-you dinner.

All flyadeal services to and from Pakistan are operated with Airbus A320 family aircraft in a single 186-seat Economy Class configuration. The flights cater to a mix of business, leisure, pilgrim and migrant worker traffic, as well as the large outbound Pakistani expatriate community living in the Kingdom. Jeddah-bound flights serve as the gateway to the Saudi holy city of Makkah.

flyadeal operates scheduled flights from bases in Riyadh, Jeddah and Dammam to more than 30 domestic and international seasonal and year-round destinations in the Middle East, Europe, North Africa and South Asia with a modern fleet of 43 Airbus A320 family aircraft.

Effective 1 January 2026, flyadeal will add Madinah as its fourth base in the Kingdom, a strategic move to enhance air travel options to and from the Holy city. 

 

Continue Reading

Gold

Ways to check the purity of gold: Methods and Facts

Published

on

LAHORE – In Pakistan, uncertainty always looms over the minds of people. Some people remain unsure whether the gold they bought is pure or not, so in case of such a scenario, here is what you can do.

Ways to verify your gold:

  • Check Official Markings

Look for engraved markings on the inner side of the jewelry; it may say 24k, 22k, 21k, or 18k. In Pakistan, 21k means 87.5% purity; on the other hand, 24k means 99.9% purity and is mostly used as investment bars.

  • Professional Ways to Test

If you remain unsure about your gold, then you should consider visiting major gold markets such as Karachi’s Sarafa Bazaar or Lahore’s Liberty Market.

Three such ways include:

Electronic Gold Testers: In today’s modern world, jewelers use handheld electronic devices to measure the electrical conductivity to provide the user with immediate karat reading.

XRF Spectrometry: This method is widely regarded as the best and most accurate way; most high-end gold laboratories use X-Ray fluorescence to get the exact elemental composition of the item.

Touchstone Test: This is known as the Kasauti Test, the gold is rubbed against a dark stone(Kasauti), and the streak is then compared with known purity needles, or it is treated with acid.

  • Test at Home

Magnet Test: Gold is not attracted to magnets if the item is powerfully attracted towards a powerful magnet, then it is likely that it contains some sort of base metals, most probably iron or nickel.

Floating Test: Gold remains a dense element if gently placed in a bowl filled with water and sinks all the way to the bottom. Then, it can be considered pure gold. However, if the gold item floats or sinks slowly, it is most likely fake gold or the item is gold-plated.

Vinegar Test: By applying a few drops of vinegar on the item, you can check its purity because pure gold retains its shine, but fake gold loses it altogether.

Ping Test: This is a sound test. First of all, take the gold item in your hand and gently strike it against another metal. Pure gold produces a high-pitched ringing sound, whereas base metals produce a “thud” sound.

Note: It is pertinent to mention here that methods to test at home aren’t completely reliable, and the results shouldn’t be considered as the final results, as there are chances that they can be influenced by other factors. That’s why it is better to follow the other ways mentioned in the article.

  • Precautionary measures before buying

Before buying the gold item, request a certificate of confirmation of the purity of the gold being bought. Before paying the price for the gold, verify the daily price of the gold from the Jewellers Association or upfront.pk to avoid being overcharged for lower-quality gold.

 

 

Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2026